The golden ratio is attractively simple and beguiling as a theory however, it is ultimately incomplete. 9– 14 It is also being used in analysis of beauty. 11Īs stated in results, golden ratio is still being utilized in mammaplasty, abdominoplasty, and cheek shaping in plastic surgery. This strategy reduces the laxity in the axillary region, promotes bulk in the upper pole, and eases nipple–areola complex elevation. The constancy of the submammary fold and the orientation of the vertex of a V-shaped triangle opening at approximately 60 degrees at the umbilicus were maintained with each branch opening in the direction of the acromioclavicular joint. Recently, divine proportion was applied to plan mastopexy and breast reduction in 530 breasts. Thereafter, the authors concluded that the most attractive navel position is located at the xiphoid–umbilicus:umbilicus-abdominal crease golden ratio. The majority of participants chose the one with the navel relocated according to the golden ratio (1.618). An on-line survey on navel shape and position has been made via, involving 1682 people. 9įor the standardization of navel surface anatomy and of proper placement in cosmetic abdominoplasty, Visconti analyzed navel shape and position on 81 high-quality pictures that had been chosen as top 2013 bikini models by editors of mass media.
#PERFECT FACE RATIO PNG SKIN#
The umbilicus aponeurotic implantation was detached and reattached in a maximum proportion of 1/1.6 between the infra- and supraumbilical skin segment in 502 patients. After fusiform skin resection, the rectus muscles aponeuroses were plicated through a medial tunnel. 8Īpplication of Divine Proportion in Mammaplasty and Abdominoplastyĭivine proportion between the perimeter of the waist and the hips was aimed for abdominoplasty. However, a thin-plate spline analysis of the average facial features of northwestern Europeans revealed that Marquardt’s mask best described the facial proportions of masculinized White women, as seen in fashion models, but did not seem to describe the “ideal” face shape even for White women, because its proportions were inconsistent with the optimal preferences of most people, especially with regard to femininity. Thereafter he suggested that the facial golden mask may be used as an analytical tool.
6Ī plastic surgeon applied the facial golden mask to 40 preoperative and postoperative photographs and scored each photograph on a 1–5 scale and found that score was lower when the facial deformity was severe, whereas it was higher when the face was attractive. Applying the mask to 72 European White individuals and judging their appearance in surveys, Bashour found that the mask model correlated strongly with attractiveness. Available at Ī study provided support for the use of this mathematical model to produce an objective system for measuring facial attractiveness.
Marquardt’s golden mask, in which decagons and pentagons were used that embody φ in all their dimensions.
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